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Bin Laden’s Path From Tora Bora Siege To Life In Hiding

May 4, 2026, 15:20 GMT+1

On 3 December 2001, Awal Gul, commander of the 4th Armoured Brigade in Nangarhar, was ordered to direct his tanks towards al-Qaeda positions in Tora Bora. Instead, he found himself facing former jihadist allies.

Awal Gul sent an envoy to Osama bin Laden with a message: “If I remain in my post, I will fire shoot at locations that you are not in them.” Bin Laden accepted, although Ayman al-Zawahiri was reportedly skeptical of the arrangement.

Tora Bora, a rugged mountainous area in Pachir wa Agam district of Nangarhar, was at the time al-Qaeda’s last major stronghold. Bin Laden, al-Zawahiri and more than 300 mostly Arab foreign fighters were positioned in caves and high-altitude peaks, some reaching 14,000 feet. Coalition airstrikes were intense, at times reaching up to 100 attacks per day, including the use of 15,000-pound bombs.

Role of Afghan Commanders & Old Ties

The siege of Tora Bora was complex because many Afghan commanders had previously worked closely with Arab mujahideen.

Awal Gul of Hezb-e Islami party led by Mawlawi Yunis Khalis had once been Bin Laden’s neighbour at Najm al-Jihad camp and hosted safe houses for Arabs in Jalalabad.

Mawlawi Noor Mohammad Haqpal also played a role in passing messages and facilitating the escape of fighters.

Hazrat Ali and Hajji Mohammed Zaman aka Zaman Ghamsharik led ground forces, but local rivalries and old ideological ties complicated the battle.

According to sources present at the time, Afghan fighters were often reluctant to engage directly with “former mujahideen”. Meanwhile, the Americans were wary of fuelling anti-US sentiment and preferred to rely on air power and local forces. Proposals such as sealing the Durand Line by James Mattis, the then US navy commander, were not seriously pursued.

Bin Laden’s Escape

By mid-December, as pressure mounted, tribal networks and local commanders opened escape routes. Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri were first moved to a safe area in a blacked-out vehicle with the help of Awal Gul and then handed over to Mawlawi Noor Mohammad. From there, they crossed the Kunar River and were taken to the homes of Haji Khan Jan and Kashmir Khan, commanders linked to Hezb-e Islami, in Dangam.

During this period, a brief ceasefire and a five-kilometer withdrawal of US forces also facilitated the escape of some fighters. Many fled through mountainous routes such as Zeran Kando, Ghorak and Lalpur towards Pakistan’s Waziristan.

Later Hideouts & Life in Hiding

Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri remained for a time in the homes of Haji Khan Jan and Kashmir Khan, commanders of Hizbe Islami, in Kunar, then hid in Jandol locality. Later, they moved to Ziarat Talash and eventually to the compound near the military academy in Abbottabad. Bin Laden continued to rely on old Hezb-e Islami and tribal networks for movement and communication until he was killed on 2 May 2011.

Conclusion

The siege of Tora Bora became a symbol of the complexity of the Afghan war: a mix of old jihadist loyalties, local rivalries, political calculations and strategic missteps. Bin Laden did not make a last stand but instead exploited these divisions and networks to escape and live in hiding for years.

Note: This report is based on interviews with Haji Din Mohammad, former governor of Nangarhar, Hazrat Ali, individuals close to Awal Gul’s family and Haji Khan Jan, a former Taliban official, residents of the Tora Bora area, as well as written sources and statements by al-Zawahiri.

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The Pakistani defence minister also alleged that both the Pakistani Taliban and the Afghan Taliban receive support from India.

Khawaja Asif said Pakistan seeks stability and peace in the region and aims to maintain relations with neighbouring countries based on mutual respect and cooperation.

He added that Pakistan’s policy is grounded in peaceful coexistence and that the country sees itself as a responsible neighbour committed to regional coordination.

Since the Afghan Taliban returned to power, Pakistan has repeatedly accused the group of providing sanctuary to members of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other armed groups on Afghan soil, allowing them to carry out attacks against Pakistan.

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Kazakhstan’s Transport Ministry said on Monday that grain exports to Afghanistan have risen fourfold. In the first quarter, shipments reached 302,000 tones, a 4.2-fold increase compared with last year.

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3 Killed & 14 Injured In Pakistani Strikes On Kunar, Says Taliban

May 4, 2026, 11:27 GMT+1
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The Taliban say Pakistani army strikes on Dangam district in Kunar province killed three civilians, including women and children, and injured 14. A Taliban district official said two schools, a clinic and two mosques were destroyed.

Taliban officials have not yet provided details about the exact timing of the attacks.

Mohammad Omar Sadiq, Taliban district governor in Dangam, said the Pakistani army has lost the ability to confront directly and has turned to targeting civilian facilities.

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Pakistan has not yet commented on the Taliban’s claims.

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