Russia Backs Pakistan, China On Afghanistan Security Concerns

In a joint statement issued at the end of its two-day summit in the northern Chinese port city of Tianjin, the organisation expressed support for international efforts to ensure peace and development in Afghanistan.

Member states emphasised the “need for an independent, neutral Afghanistan free from terrorism, war and narcotics,” and pledged to back global initiatives aimed at achieving that goal. The statement stressed that a broad-based, inclusive government with representatives from all ethnic and political groups of Afghan society is the sole way to achieve durable peace and stability.

More than 20 world leaders attended the summit, though the Taliban were not invited. Mongolia, also an observer state, was represented at the meeting.

Founded in 2001, the SCO is a regional security and political bloc whose full members include Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Iran and Uzbekistan. Belarus joined as a full member on 4 July 2024. Afghanistan and Mongolia hold observer status.

In a statement issued Sunday, the association said the “Law on Regulating Poetry Recitals,” recently signed by Taliban leader Hibatullah Akhundzada, marks a systematic expansion of repression. The group said the measure would “undoubtedly tighten the space for dissenters even further.”

The law bans the writing of romantic poetry and criminalises criticism of Akhundzada’s decrees. Members of Afghanistan’s cultural community have widely denounced the decision, with some responding by posting videos of romantic and protest poems on social media.

Founded in 1968, the Iranian Writers’ Association is an independent professional and cultural body that has long campaigned for freedom of expression. Renowned Persian literary figures including Ahmad Shamlou, Houshang Golshiri and Bahram Beyzai were among its members.

Figures from the Home Office showed that by the end of June 2025, more than 6,000 Afghan asylum claims had been refused, including 367 from women and girls, despite widespread reports of human rights abuses in Afghanistan.

The Observer reported on Sunday that thousands of Afghan asylum seekers, among them hundreds of women and girls, were stranded in temporary accommodation such as hotels with no source of income and no clear future.

An Oxford University study found that acceptance rates for Afghan asylum applications had more than halved in the past year. While nearly 99 percent of applications were approved at the end of 2023, the figure fell to just 37 percent in the first half of 2025.

By June this year, more than 6,700 Afghan asylum seekers were still awaiting an initial decision. If rejections continue at the current rate, the total number of Afghans refused asylum could surpass 10,000.

The Home Office has argued that the rejections are based on its assessment of “security in Afghanistan,” claiming there is only limited evidence that all groups in the country face persecution. Officials maintained that vague or general fears of the Taliban were insufficient grounds for asylum.

At the same time, the department has admitted that rejected applicants cannot be returned to Afghanistan, as the UK does not recognise the Taliban as a legitimate government. The Taliban, for their part, have refused to accept passports or documents issued by the former Afghan embassy in London. Since 2021, at least nine Afghans are believed to have returned voluntarily.

A Home Office spokesperson told the newspaper that the previous government had left behind a chaotic asylum system, leaving thousands of people in uncertainty. The official said the current government was working to reform the system by removing those with no right to remain, while allowing others to rebuild their lives. The spokesperson acknowledged that women could face Taliban persecution and said most Afghan women seeking asylum were accepted.

According to official data, more than 8,000 Afghans arrived in the UK by small boats in the first half of this year.

Mohammad Reza Hashemi, governor of South Khorasan, told state media the province is seeking to expand cross-border trade, noting that a second border market is expected to open following a recent visit by an Iranian economic delegation to Afghanistan.

“Having a shared border with Afghanistan is a valuable opportunity for developing trade exchanges,” Hashemi said, adding that authorities aim to strengthen the frontier as both an economic and security asset.

The Tehran Times reported in July that trade between Iran and Afghanistan increased nearly 84 percent in 2024 compared with the previous year, reaching $3.19 billion.

Customs data also showed that the value of goods transited from the Dogharoon border crossing into Afghanistan reached more than $1.6 billion between January and July this year.

Iran remains one of Afghanistan’s largest trading partners, exporting fuel, construction materials, foodstuffs and consumer goods, while importing agricultural products and some raw materials in return.

Nurlan Yermekbayev told Russia’s state news agency RIA Novosti that the talks would include a broad exchange of views on Afghanistan’s current situation and its impact on the region. Security engagement between SCO members and the Taliban authorities will also be on the agenda, he said.

Yermekbayev added that Afghanistan continues to face social and humanitarian challenges, including women’s rights and terrorism, though its economy has shown some signs of improvement. He said SCO members share a consensus on the nature of Afghanistan’s problems and the organisation is closely monitoring developments.

His remarks followed warnings from Sergei Shoigu, secretary of Russia’s Security Council, who said more than 23,000 foreign militants are active in Afghanistan and pose a significant threat to regional security.

Yermekbayev noted that despite these challenges, all SCO member states continue to maintain bilateral engagement with the Taliban. He recalled that in the SCO leaders’ declaration of 4 July 2024, members stressed that forming an inclusive government representing all ethnic and political groups in Afghanistan was the only path to lasting peace and stability.

The SCO, founded in 2001, includes Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Iran, Uzbekistan and Belarus as full members. Afghanistan and Mongolia hold observer status, while dialogue partners include Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bahrain, Egypt, Cambodia, Qatar, Kuwait, the Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Sri Lanka.

Yermekbayev’s comments come ahead of the SCO leaders’ summit scheduled for 31 August to 1 September in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin. The Taliban are not among the invitees.