China, Pakistan Raise Alarm Over Militant Activity In Afghanistan

Zabihullah Mujahid, the Taliban spokesperson, made the remarks in response to a meeting of the United Nations Security Council, where several countries voiced concern about militant activity in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.

Mujahid said Afghanistan is secure and that “no foreign or rogue groups exist” in the country. He claimed that Islamic State (ISIS), which he said had been defeated in Afghanistan, has “unfortunately established bases in our neighbouring countries.”

He described the security concerns raised at the United Nations as “unfounded” and said they stem from the absence of Taliban representation at the UN.

He did not name the neighbouring countries where he alleged Islamic State Khorasan had taken refuge. Taliban officials have previously said Islamic State fighters are based and trained in parts of Pakistan.

At the Security Council session on Wednesday, Alexandre Zouev, a senior UN official, warned that Islamic State Khorasan in Afghanistan remains a serious threat to the region and beyond, a view at odds with the Taliban’s assertion that the group has been contained.

Mike Waltz, the US ambassador to the United Nations, said the Islamic State threat in Afghanistan persists and requires coordinated international action. He added that the threat is expanding beyond Afghanistan to parts of Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.

Pakistan’s representative, Asim Iftikhar Ahmad, told the Council that since the Taliban returned to power, groups including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Baloch separatists have gained renewed strength. He said these groups operate freely from Afghan territory and are responsible for major attacks in Pakistan.

Ahmad said Pakistan is on the frontline in the fight against terrorism, has suffered more than 90,000 casualties and endured heavy economic losses.

China’s representative also expressed concern about the presence and activities of militant groups such as al-Qaida, Islamic State and Uyghur militants in Afghanistan, and urged the Taliban to take action.

Referring to an ISIS attack on a Chinese restaurant in Kabul’s Shahr-e-Naw district, China’s envoy said militant activity on Afghan soil must be treated seriously.

According to statements from the Taliban judiciary, 22 people were flogged in Kabul after being accused of selling and trafficking alcohol, cannabis, crystal meth and heroin. The punishments were carried out Tuesday by a Taliban counter-narcotics primary court.

In a separate statement, the court said a man and a woman were flogged in public in Alasay district of Kapisa province on accusations of extramarital relations. The punishments were carried out in the presence of local civilian and military officials.

Those punished received between 10 and 39 lashes and were also sentenced to prison terms ranging from seven months to three years, the statements said.

Based on announcements from the Taliban’s Supreme Court, the group has flogged at least 124 people across Afghanistan on various charges over the past 10 days.

Despite opposition from international organisations to corporal punishment and the treatment of detainees, the Taliban have continued to carry out public floggings of people convicted by their courts. Taliban authorities describe the punishments as the enforcement of Islamic law.

Kazakhstan Temir Zholy said shipments to Afghanistan rose from 216,000 tonnes to 416,000 tonnes over the five-month period.

During the same timeframe, Kazakhstan exported 5.8 million tonnes of grain worldwide, an increase of about one million tonnes compared with the same period a year earlier, the company said.

It said exports to Afghanistan increased by about 1.9 times as trade relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan remain suspended and Taliban authorities seek alternative trade routes.

Most of Afghanistan’s grain imports are currently supplied by Central Asian countries, particularly Kazakhstan. Following disruptions to trade and transit routes with Pakistan, Afghanistan’s reliance on imports from Central Asia has grown significantly.

The watchdog said that it is while aid declined and migrants were expelled from neighbouring countries.

The report examines women’s and girls’ rights, corporal punishment, the treatment of people with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity, attacks on media and civil society, the situation of minorities, the economic and humanitarian crisis, and issues of justice and accountability.

Situation of Women and Girls

According to the report, the Taliban maintained the ban on girls’ education in 2025 and imposed further restrictions on women’s freedom of expression. It said the group’s morality police even barred women’s voices from being heard while reciting the Quran in public.

The report added that in September the Taliban banned the teaching of books written by women at universities and, through strict dress and behaviour rules, set up committees to monitor public spaces.

Corporal Punishment and Enforced Disappearances

Human Rights Watch said the Taliban carried out at least four executions last year in Nimroz, Badghis and Farah provinces. Citing the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, the report said 414 people, including 83 women, were publicly flogged during the same period.

The report also documented 31 cases of arbitrary arrest and detention and eight allegations of torture and ill-treatment of former government officials and former members of the security forces.

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

The group said LGBT people in Afghanistan faced systematic abuse in 2025, with Taliban authorities targeting them for arrest and exploitation.

Attacks on Media, Civil Society and Minorities

The report said the Taliban continued to restrict the media, arbitrarily detaining journalists and critics, and banning political programming and reporting on human rights violations.

Activists, academics, writers and artists were also targeted and face a serious risk of arrest and abuse, it said. The report cited several cases of arbitrary detention.

It also said Taliban members used physical violence and death threats to pressure about 50 members of the Ismaili community in Badakhshan to convert to Sunni Islam, while pressure on Hazaras and other minorities persisted.

Economic and Humanitarian Crisis

The report said Afghanistan’s economic and humanitarian crisis worsened in 2025 following sharp cuts in foreign aid, Taliban restrictions and the mass forced deportation of migrants from Iran and Pakistan.

More than 22 million people faced food insecurity last year, over 400 health centres closed because of funding shortages, and millions suffered from malnutrition and required urgent humanitarian assistance, it said.

Return of Migrants

More than two million Afghans were forcibly deported from Iran and Pakistan in 2025, the report said. Many returnees faced the risk of arrest, torture and ill-treatment after returning.

It added that the suspension of resettlement programmes in countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Canada left thousands of Afghan refugees in prolonged uncertainty.

Attacks on Civilians

Human Rights Watch referred to cross-border clashes between Taliban forces and Pakistani troops, saying fighting and Pakistani airstrikes last year killed and wounded civilians, including children, in eastern Afghanistan.

According to the report, the Islamic State group also claimed responsibility for several deadly attacks against civilians, including a suicide bombing at a bank in Kunduz province.

Justice and Accountability

Human Rights Watch said that in 2025 the United Nations Human Rights Council established an independent international accountability mechanism for Afghanistan, and the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for senior Taliban leaders on charges of crimes against humanity.

The report added that UNAMA’s mandate was extended last year, judicial investigations into alleged crimes by military forces continued in countries such as the UK, and international efforts to pursue accountability for systematic discrimination against Afghan women intensified in international courts.

According to the UN assessment, contamination from landmines and unexploded ordnance has restricted access to agricultural land, water resources, residential areas and grazing land.

The report says more than 1,069 square kilometres of Afghan territory remain contaminated with explosive ordnance. Grazing land alone accounts for about 756 square kilometres, posing a severe threat to families dependent on livestock and agriculture.

Children are the primary victims of landmines and unexploded ordnance, accounting for about 80 precent of casualties, the programme said. Many are injured or killed while playing and coming into contact with explosive materials.

The data show contamination has also restricted access to more than 120 square kilometres of farmland and over 155 square kilometres of residential areas and public facilities.

The UN warned that widespread contamination by landmines and other explosive ordnance remains one of Afghanistan’s most serious humanitarian challenges, with direct economic and food-security consequences for local communities.

About 2.7 million people live within one kilometre of contaminated areas, the report said, with 1,565 local communities and 258 districts affected.

The assessment found that hundreds of educational and health facilities are located near contaminated areas, putting children’s safety and access to basic services at risk.

The UN Mine Action Programme said that in December 2025 alone, more than 80 square kilometres of land were cleared of landmines and explosive remnants of war, and more than 18,000 explosive items were destroyed.

The programme stressed the importance of public awareness, describing it as one of the most effective ways to reduce civilian casualties, particularly among children. Alongside clearance operations, more than 2.2 million people have benefited from explosive ordnance risk education programmes, many of them children.